(A) weak self-control ability

Self-control ability is a conscious motivation of human beings, which mainly refers to a special initiative of the subject to control himself in transforming the objective world. Self-control ability cannot be understood as negative self-restraint. It is an internal psychological function, which enables people to consciously adjust themselves, actively dominate themselves, eliminate interference, properly coordinate subjectivity and objectivity, adopt reasonable behavior patterns, and pursue good behavior effects.

Children's self-control ability refers to their ability to know and control their own thoughts and behaviors. Children's self-control ability develops with age. Children's self-control ability is not born, nor is it born. It is gradually formed on the basis of children's self-awareness, under the influence of acquired environment and education, in practical activities, with the accumulation of knowledge and experience and the enhancement of ability, through special practical exercise.

Ordinary students' weak self-control ability has the following points:

1. Don't pay attention in class.

Many students can't concentrate easily. They often listen carefully and take notes at the beginning of class, but it doesn't last long, and sometimes they can't tell what they were thinking just now. Some students stayed up late the night before, and even couldn't meet the new learning tasks in class with their best mental outlook during the day, and even took a nap in class because of lack of sleep; Some students use the first class or other classes that they think are not important in order to complete the homework and other learning tasks of other subjects, while others simply do things other than study.

Do two things at the same time

Some students are used to listening to songs and watching TV while doing their homework, thinking that they can do it wholeheartedly, or that it will help them study better, but they don't realize that they have been influenced by listening to songs and watching games.

3. Easily influenced by external things

Internet makes teenagers interested in new things very attractive, which makes students easily addicted to online games and chatting, which consumes a lot of time and energy of students and has a great influence on their study. Comics and novels give students spiritual relaxation, and popular gossip news gives students a topic of entertainment, which makes some students with poor self-control in learning decline.

Teachers use a variety of teaching modes in the classroom, and they also learn while talking. Classroom discussion allows students to find problems by themselves, and teachers can guide students to solve problems, which can avoid the embarrassment of teachers' "one-man show", attract students' attention at any time, and reduce the possibility of students' distraction. Students are sensitive to new things outside, so teachers can give more examples of things that students are interested in during the teaching process, thus improving students' interest in learning. We can start with students' problems, encourage students to ask more questions, be not afraid to ask questions, and dare to face their own shortcomings.

Try not to interrupt students in the process of writing questions to ensure the consistency of students' answers. We can encourage students to have a sense of time and concentrate on solving problems by limiting time and optimizing questions. Pay attention to the disadvantages of students' problem solving, which problems are easy to take detours, and prepare several problem-solving ideas, so that students can have more choices and understand problems more easily.

For younger students, we might as well try physics teaching methods such as games or experiments, so that students can play middle school and not exclude students from surfing the Internet. We can give students some learning topics, encourage students to actively consult relevant learning materials, and then guide students to flexibly use learning materials to master knowledge and improve their learning initiative.

(B) unscientific learning methods

Many students let their methods drift, fail to see the function and significance of scientific learning methods, fail to taste the benefits brought by correct methods, think that sharpening the knife does not mistake the woodcutter, and are unwilling to spend time and energy to seriously study and master advanced learning methods. The following are some common improper learning methods:

1. rote memorization, theory divorced from practice

Rote memorization is the lowest form of learning, which often confuses the memory content and can't be remembered for a long time. When the learning content is chaotic or students don't want to spend time analyzing the organization and significance of the learning content, students often adopt the method of rote learning. Students who rely on this method will say, "Thank God, the exam is finally over. Now I can forget all these things. Students are often only satisfied with learning the knowledge in books, but not good at learning and applying it in practice, and can't solve practical problems with what they have learned. The specific performance is poor hands-on ability, dislike experimental classes and operation classes, and don't care about real life.

2. Do not pay attention to the summary of knowledge points.

The knowledge learned has no reasonable structure, but is like a loose sand, which can't play their due role. Some students did well in the unit test and failed in the comprehensive test. The reason is that they often fail to grasp the relationship between knowledge and form the corresponding knowledge structure. This kind of students do not summarize and sort out the contents, disciplines and chapters in time, which makes their knowledge basically in a "free state". This scattered knowledge is easy to forget and arrogant.

3. Unreasonable time allocation-no plan for study, unscientific use of time during study, no attention to the combination of work and rest, frequent burning the midnight oil, and frequent sleepiness in class.

Lack of planning in study is one of the main reasons why it is difficult to improve grades. Some students have no plans for their studies, are busy with homework and exams all day, and lack active arrangements. Therefore, there are countless things to see, do and learn. They always think about "what the teacher wants me to do" instead of "what I want to do". Some students can arrange their study and life calmly in a limited time. And some students are busy, often working overtime, too busy to get to the point, and the actual effect is not good. Some students are not good at squeezing time. They often complain: "go to class, go home, eat, do homework and sleep every day." How can you have extra time to arrange for yourself? " There are also students who are usually relaxed and come to the exam in a hurry. These phenomena are all reflections of the lack of scientific use of time.

4. Do not pay attention to the basic steps of learning

For example, students seldom preview, or don't know how to preview, and don't understand the meaning of preview. They don't know that if they can preview effectively, they can attend classes effectively, better focus on key and difficult points, follow the teacher's ideas and experience the fun of thinking. For example, after class, students review before doing their homework. They think they understand in class, so they take out their homework and do it directly. They seldom take notes in class, do examples independently, and mention the important and difficult points mentioned by the teacher. In this way, they may be frustrated because they can't do it, and they will hide many blind spots in their own learning, which will lead to their shallow learning and their inability to internalize themselves. For example, when making a study plan, students either don't make a plan and learn from wherever they want, which is lack of planning, or it is difficult to implement if they make a plan. They don't understand the help of a good plan to study, nor do they know how to make an executable plan. They lack good study habits, and their study is disordered and inefficient, which leads to many problems in their study.

Provide some operable and scientific learning methods for students. For the memory of Chinese, English and other knowledge, teachers should guide students to remember on the basis of full understanding and help them sum up some memory skills. Teachers should give students more analysis of confusing knowledge points and be good at summing up new questions raised by students. For subjects with strong logic, teachers can summarize some problem-solving ideas for students and give more examples to ensure that students practice on the basis of mastering problem-solving methods skillfully, so that students can establish their confidence in learning as soon as possible.

Teachers should first have a systematic summary of knowledge, clarify the relationship between knowledge points, fully understand the actual situation of students, help students understand the relationship between knowledge points, and gently connect students' basic knowledge with new knowledge, so as not to put too much pressure on students.

Teachers should consider students' learning ability before assigning homework, and don't take up students' rest time too much, and don't let students relax too much. The intensity of the topic is moderate, so try to avoid the tactics of asking questions about the sea, so as not to make students feel disgusted with a certain subject.

Students can be forced to prepare previews before class. The content should not be too much, but it must be targeted, pay attention to the mastery of basic knowledge, encourage students to find problems in the preview process, and strive to introduce new lessons in a way that students can easily accept, so as not to make students feel abrupt. Students are required to do a good review after class, especially the technical problem-solving ideas to be digested repeatedly, in order to be helpful in the next exercise.

(C), the lack of understanding of their own situation and conditions

Learning methods should adapt to both learning characteristics and individual characteristics. If students don't know enough about their own situation and conditions, it is likely to lead to improper methods, because the correct method is the one that suits them first. The lack of self-knowledge mainly includes two aspects: first, there is no objective and clear understanding of one's current learning situation. Second, I don't know my personality. If students don't know their own personality, they are likely to imitate others blindly in their learning methods, forcing them to struggle and be exhausted. Therefore, it can be said that knowing yourself is the premise of mastering scientific learning methods.

Some students are not very good at school, so they are too modest and think they are hopeless. Some students are arrogant and self-righteous because they study well, and they can't see their own shortcomings and deficiencies. These impersonal understandings will make students make mistakes when using learning methods. Self-righteous students are often too ambitious and unrealistic when making learning goals.

Personality characteristics Everyone's ability, temperament, personality, physical condition and biological cycle are different. There are no two identical leaves in the world, let alone two identical personalities. Scientific learning methods must be suitable for your own personality characteristics, and others' methods are just reference. In this sense, there are as many successful learners as there are successful learning methods. Some people like reading in a big empty room, some people like reading in a small room, and some people like reading on the grass. As long as the learning effect is good, these methods are understandable. Physiologically speaking, everyone's "biological clock" is different, so we should find our best study time, and then arrange the difficult learning content and creative mental work as much as possible during this time. It belongs to "lark type" and can make more use of daytime; It belongs to the "owl type" and can make more use of the night.

Teachers fully understand students' ability requirements.

Understanding students as a whole means that teachers can be familiar with the characteristics of contemporary young students from a macro perspective, so that when educating individual students, they can be more comprehensive and targeted. To understand students as a whole, we should focus on the following aspects:

1. Understand the remarkable changes of personality characteristics of contemporary young students. Nowadays, young students are almost all only children (especially in cities). The special family life environment and complicated social life background of the only children make them have significantly different personality characteristics from the previous primary and secondary school students. As far as weaknesses are concerned, egoism, poor psychological endurance and poor self-care and self-reliance are prominent. This negative personality and psychological characteristics make a considerable number of students move freely and carelessly, and their collective concept and labor concept are not strong; Have the idea of comparing with the rich, and so on.

2. Understand the moral consciousness of contemporary young students. In the era of reform and opening up, young students' moral concepts and life values have changed obviously in general, and some students (especially senior high school students) have a secular tendency in their moral pursuit. However, we should also see that today's young students are very eager for truth, goodness and beauty, and are easily moved and influenced by things that are true, good and beautiful. This is their moral and emotional nature.

3. Understand the subtle changes of contemporary young students' thoughts. The rapid development of high technology is having a subtle impact on the mechanism and function of the human brain. Contemporary young students are more willing to participate in and accept entertainment activities with strong audio-visual effects. By contrast, they are bored with reading and attending classes. Therefore, we can't generally regard students' weariness of learning as lack of progress and bad conduct, but should actively guide and explain the truth, so that they can stay away from the game hall as far as possible and watch TV in moderation. At the same time, we should strive to improve classroom teaching, do everything possible to stimulate students' interest in learning, and let them change "hard study" into "happy study" and enter the realm of "endless learning".

(D) Lack of learning motivation

Students who lack motivation have no motivation to learn, lack enthusiasm for learning, regard learning as a chore, and have no goal in learning, so they muddle along. Their learning behavior is completely a passive response. In terms of methods, it must be rote learning, opportunistic and unplanned. A student who loses the motivation to learn is bound to lose interest in learning methods. Therefore, nine times out of ten, those students who are listless and shout "boring" in their studies are improper in their methods.

There is less discussion about ideals among students now. Students prefer to talk about online games, celebrity gossip or anecdotes around them. Ideals sometimes become ridiculous in their mouths. Some students said, "Why should we consider it? It's no use thinking about it. Take it one step at a time. " Some students can tell what they want to do in the future, but they are very vague. For example, I want to be a doctor because I can earn a lot of money. On the one hand, this is related to the insufficient cultivation of students' ideals in school education, on the other hand, it is also related to family education. When a person lacks ideals and doesn't know why he should study hard, it is difficult for him to really work hard.

Teachers should do the following when stimulating learning motivation:

1, keep the novelty of teaching content and teaching methods. Vivid and interesting teaching content, diverse and novel teaching methods and inspiring performance attract students' attention and make them get spiritual satisfaction through learning.

2. Use learning feedback to stimulate students' enthusiasm. Ruth Henry, an American scholar, said, "Students can greatly improve their academic performance by knowing their academic performance every day." No matter whether the grades are good or bad, every student urgently needs to know his academic performance. Let students know their learning situation in time, which can stimulate their enthusiasm. It is best to let students know how much they have learned in class. The key of feedback is to help students find small progress, analyze the reasons for failure, encourage them in time and enhance their learning confidence. This kind of feedback information is of great significance to further stimulate students' learning motivation.

3. Organize competitions and exams. Competition is an effective means to stimulate learning motivation, which makes use of people's needs for self-esteem and achievement. It can greatly stimulate people's efforts and positive learning motivation. Examination is a test of learning, but it is also a kind of competition.