How to Improve Primary School Chinese Reading Ability Baidu Library
First, master the overall information skillfully.
The reading process itself is the process of obtaining information, and the quality of reading depends on how much information is captured.
When doing the topic, you can first look at the author of the article, the writing time and the comments after the article, and at the same time, you should especially browse what questions are asked later, and guess what the main idea of the article is from the options of the topic. If it is a novel, we should focus on its characters, plot, etc. If it is an argumentative paper, we should focus on the arguments, arguments, arguments and other elements. Understand the author's main writing intention, and then grasp the full text as a whole, and you will have a good idea to solve the problem.
Second, determine the outline of the regional circle.
Reading a long article mainly uses intensive reading, which requires word-for-word scrutiny. Therefore, we should cultivate the habit of drawing circles and making more marks in our daily practice. We can first look at which paragraphs or areas in the text are related to the topic and which sentences are related to it. After determining a certain answer area, carefully understand the meaning of each sentence in this paragraph, then clarify the relationship between paragraphs and understand the writing ideas. With this habit, it is possible to form a strong analytical and comprehensive ability. When reading, ponder over the questions repeatedly and circle the relevant content, so you don't need to search from beginning to end when answering questions, which can save a lot of valuable time.
Third, pay attention to extract the original text.
Without raw materials, I'm afraid no one can answer correctly or completely. Therefore, the most important and effective way to answer the reading questions accurately is to find the answers in the original text. Most questions can be answered in the article. Of course, the sentences you find are not necessarily used directly, so you must process them according to the requirements of the topic, or extract words or compress the trunk, extract the main points or reorganize them. Even if you summarize the whole paragraph, you should make full use of the original text.
It should also be noted that many students have strong memory ability of basic knowledge, but weak transfer ability, especially for the contextual meaning and function of words, words and sentences. Here is the solution of the 16-character formula for your reference.
1, word for word. Polysemy is very common in Chinese. When understanding the meaning of a word in a word, we must put it into this word to investigate, that is to say, this word can not be separated from this word, so as to accurately understand the meaning of this word. Such as: hearsay, Tao, pointing to Tao; Like-minded, Taoist and rational.
Words and sentences are inseparable. In comprehensive reading questions, it is often required to understand the meaning and function of words in the context. These requirements are as follows:
This word is ambiguous. This is very common in classical Chinese. Such as: policy is not driven by its way, policy and drive; Adhere to the policy, face the policy, policy, whip. In modern Chinese, it is often expressed as contextual meaning, which should be inferred according to the specific language environment, that is, the sentence itself, that is, words and sentences are inseparable. For example, the original meaning of the word "meet the teacher" is to be polite and to teach (me). It has different meanings in different language environments. In the article "Ju", I quoted the previous "teaching" to butcher Hu, saying that "the father-in-law is knowledgeable".
As for the expressive function of a word in a sentence, we should understand it according to the specific language environment, rather than explain it separately from the sentence.
3. The sentence does not leave the paragraph. In other words, the analysis and understanding of sentences can not be separated from specific paragraphs and specific language environment. If we leave the specific paragraphs and the specific language environment, many sentences can only be understood in a narrow sense or even incomprehensible. Only by combining specific paragraphs and language environment will we know what position this sentence occupies in the full text.
4, the paragraph does not leave the body. Paragraph is an integral part of the article, which embodies the author's writing thought. Therefore, the reading comprehension of paragraphs cannot be divorced from the main idea and the center of the article. Otherwise, the understanding of the content or function of the paragraph will be biased.
Reading and applying these will be faster.
Classification of Chinese problem-solving methods
1. Expression: narration, description, lyricism, explanation and discussion.
Second, the expression techniques: symbol, contrast, contrast, suspense, echo before and after, desire to promote first, express meaning by holding things, express feelings by borrowing things, associate, imagine and set off (positive contrast, negative contrast).
Third, rhetorical devices: metaphor, personification, exaggeration, parallelism, duality, quotation, rhetorical question, repetition, intertextuality, contrast, metonymy and irony.
Four, the six elements of narrative: time, place, people, the cause, process and result of things.
5. Narrative sequence: sequence, flashback and insertion.
Sixth, description angle: positive description and side description.
Methods of describing characters: language, action, manner, psychology and appearance.
Eight, the perspective of describing the scene: vision, hearing, taste and touch.
Methods of describing scenery: the combination of dynamic and static (writing static by moving), the combination of generalization and concrete, from far to near (or from near to far).
X. Description (or lyric) methods: positive (also called direct) and negative (also called indirect).
XI。 Narrative mode: general narrative and detailed description.
Twelve. Interpretation order: chronological order, spatial order, logical order.
13. explanation: examples, numbers, analogy, comparison, definition, classification, explanation, imitation and quotation.
Fourteen, the plot of the novel is divided into four parts: beginning, development, climax and ending.
Fifteen, the three elements of the novel: the character, the plot and the specific environment.
Sixteen, environmental description is divided into: natural environment and social environment.
17. Three elements of argumentative writing: argument, argument and argumentation.
18. Argumentation is divided into factual argument and rational argument.
Nineteen. Argumentation methods: example (or fact) argument, reason argument (sometimes called quotation argument), contrast (or positive and negative contrast) argument, metaphor argument.
20. Method of argument: argument and rebuttal (rebuttable argument, argument, argument)
Twenty-one, the structure of argumentative essay: total score, total score, total score; There are often parallel and progressive parts.
Twenty-two, the role of quotation marks: citation; Emphasize; Specific appellation; Negation, irony, irony
Twenty-three, dash usage: prompt, comment, summary, progression, topic change, interjection.
Twenty-four, others:
( 1)
The function of sentences in the text;
1, prefix: opening point; Render the atmosphere (narrative, novel), bury the foreshadowing (narrative, novel), and set suspense (novel) as an auxiliary foreshadowing for the following; Below the general collar;
2. In the text: connecting the preceding with the following; Below the general collar; Summarize the above;
3. At the end of the article: point out the center (narrative, novel); Deepen the theme (narrative, novel); Pay attention to the beginning (argumentative, narrative, novel)
(2)
The function of rhetoric: (1) its own function; (2) Combined with sentence context.
1, figuratively personified: vivid;
Answer format: written vividly+object+characteristics.
2, parallelism: momentum, strengthen the tone, in one go and so on. ;
Answer format: emphasis+object+characteristics.
3; Questioning: arouse readers' attention and thinking;
Answer format: arouse readers' attention and thinking about+object+characteristics
Rhetorical question: emphasis, emphasis, etc.
4. Contrast: emphasize … stand out …
5. repeatedly emphasize ... strengthen the tone.
(3)
Answer to the meaning of the sentence:
In such a topic, a word or phrase in a sentence is often expressed by metaphor, contrast, metonymy and symbol. When answering the question, reveal the object it refers to, and then clear the sentence.
(4)
Can one word in a sentence be replaced by another? Why?
Verb: No. Because the word accurately, vividly and specifically wrote ...
Adjective: No. Because this word vividly describes ...
Adverbs (such as all, most, very only, etc. ): no. Because this word accurately describes the situation of … (table degree, table limit, table time, table range, etc.). ), after the change, it becomes ... not in line with the facts.
(5)
Can the order of two or three words in a sentence be reversed? Why?
I can't. Because (1) does not conform to the law of people's understanding of things (from shallow to deep, from surface to inside, from phenomenon to essence) (2) this word corresponds to the above one by one (3) these words are progressive, interlocking and cannot be exchanged.
(6)
Induction of paragraph meaning
1. Narrative: Give a clear answer (when and where) to who did what.
Format: (time+place)+people+things.
2. explanatory text: the answer clearly States what the object is and what its characteristics are.
Format: description (introduction)+description object+description content (characteristics)
3. Argumentative essay: clearly answer what the question is and what the author's point of view is.
Format: What demonstration method is used to prove (demonstrate)+demonstrate?